Apocryphicity

Here is an updated list (probably still not complete) of CA-related sessions and papers at this year's Annual Meeting of the Society of Biblical Literature:

SATURDAY NOV. 20

Debra J. Bucher (Vassar College): "A Marriage of Convenience: Apocalyptic Texts and Cohabitation in the (Pseudo) Epistle of Titus" (session: Wisdom and Apocalypticism in Early Judaism and Early Christianity, 9:00-11:30am)

Syriac Literature and Interpretations of Sacred Texts/Christian Apocrypha, 9:00 AM to 11:30 AM

Theme: Apocrypha in the Syriac Tradition
F. Stanley Jones (California State University-Long Beach), Presiding

Nicholas J. Zola (Baylor University): “Tatian’s 'Second-to-Last' Supper: The Diatessaron and the Crucifixion Chronology”

Zsuzsanna Gulacsi (Northern Arizona University): “The Diatessaron in Early Manichaean Art and Text”

Jonathan K. Henry (University of Pennsylvania): “Bound and Free: Patterns of Conversion and Conduct in the Theology of the Syriac Text of the Acts of Thomas”

Aaron Overby (Saint Louis University): “One Scripture, One God: Addai’s Proclamation of Christ at Edessa”

Christian Apocrypha, 1:00 PM to 4:30 PM
Theme: Christian Apocrypha and Art
François Bovon (Harvard University), Presiding

David R. Cartlidge (Maryville College): “About Oxen and Asses: Variations on a Common Theme in Early Christian Art”

Michael Peppard (Fordham University): “Apocryphal Women in the Dura Europos Baptistery”

Ally Kateusz (University of Missouri): “The Apocryphal Mary in the Cubiculum of the Velata in the Priscilla Catacomb”

Rosie Ratcliffe (King's College London): “Interpreting Violent and Voyeuristic Representations of Women within the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles”

Function of Apocryphal and Pseudepigraphal Writings in Early Judaism and Early Christianity, 4:00 PM to 7:00 PM

Theme: Perhaps Outside the Canon, But Not Off the Shelves: Contributions of Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha to the Formation of Early Judiasm and Christianity

David A. deSilva (Ashland Theological Seminary), Presiding

Francis Borchardt (University of Helsinki): “Why was 2 Maccabees Read in the Ancient World?”

D. Jeffrey Bingham (Dallas Theological Seminary): “Irenaeus and the Other Books: Non-Canonical Christian Texts in His Polemic”

Edmon Gallagher (Heritage Christian University): “The “Apocrypha” in Jerome’s Canonical Theory”

Rebecca Rine (University of Virginia): “Canon Lists Are Not Just Lists”

Loren L. Johns (Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminary): “When Pseudepigrapha Become Canonical: Rethinking Canon and Textual Criticism”

SUNDAY, NOV. 21

SBL Corpus Hellenisticum Novi Testamenti Section, 9:00 AM – 11:30 AM

Theme: Rethinking Christian Origins in the Second Century

Margaret Mitchell (University of Chicago), Presiding

Timothy D. Barnes (University of Edinburgh): "How Much Did Later Christians Know about the Apostles and Evangelists?"

Judith Lieu (University of Cambridge): "Heresy and Scripture"

Richard Pervo (St. Paul, MN), "Trajectories of Acts in the Second Century"

Lorne R. Zelyck (University of Cambridge): "The Reception of the Fourth Gospel in Gospel of the Savior" (session: SBL Johannine Literature Section, 9:00 AM – 11:30 AM)

Cornelia B. Horn (Saint Louis University): "Biblical and Apocryphal Intertexts in Greek and Syriac Shared btw. Early Arabic Poetry and the Qur'an" (session: SBL Syriac Literature and Interpretations of Sacred Texts Consultation/Qur'an and Biblical Literature Section, 9:00 AM – 11:30 AM)

MONDAY NOV. 22

SBL Jewish Christianity/Christian Judaism Section, 9:00 AM – 11:30 AM

Antti Marjanen (University of Helsinki), Presiding

Dave Nielsen (Duke University): "Singular Readings and the Community Behind the 'Unknown Gospel'"

Petri Luomanen (University of Helsinki): "Jesus’ Appearance to James the Just"

Marius Heemstra (University of Groningen): "Jewish Christians in the light of Nerva’s Reform of the Fiscus Judaicus"

Christian Apocrypha, 1:00 PM to 3:00 PM

Theme: Apocrypha Collections and Questions of Genre
Pierluigi Piovanelli (University of Ottawa), Presiding

Alexander Toepel (Sankt Georgen Graduate School, Frankfurt am Main): “The Protevangelium of James as Aretalogy”

Tony Burke (York University): “More New Testament Apocrypha”

Callie Callon (University of Toronto): "Secondary Characters Furthering Characterization: the Depiction of Slaves in the Acts of Peter" (session: SBL Ancient Fiction and Early Christian and Jewish Narrative Section, 1:00 PM – 3:30 PM)

Ilaria L.E. Ramelli (Catholic University of Milan): "The Earliest Representations of the Apostle Addai" (session: SBL Syriac Literature and Interpretations of Sacred Texts Consultation, 4:00 PM – 6:30 PM)

TUESDAY, NOV. 23

Richard Pervo (St. Paul, MN): "Relationships between the Canonical Acts and the Apocryphal Acts (session: SBL New Unit Planning Session: Dating Acts to the Second Century, 9:00 AM – 11:30 AM)

[Since I was not able to attend this year's SBL in New Orleans, I asked Harvard alum and CA scholar Brent Landau to provide this summary for us. Thanks Brent.]

I was only able to attend two of the three Christian Apocrypha sessions at the SBL this year, having missed the session that focused on “Animals as Symbols and Metaphors in Apocryphal Texts.” But the sections I attended had a range of very interesting topics.

The first session (22-210, Sunday 1:00-3:30) was an open session, with papers on the Pseudo-Clementines, the figure of Joseph, and the Protevangelium of James.

Dominique Côté from the University of Ottawa presented a paper entitled “Prophecy in the Pseudo-Clementines.” His basic argument was that the Ps-C are engaged in a conflict with Neoplatonic philosophy, its conception of “the True Prophet” being set over against Greek philosophical thought. Specifically, Côté contends that the Ps-C are responding to Porphyry of Tyre, the student of Plotinus who may also have advised Diocletian during his early fourth-century persecution of Christians. Nicole Kelley of Florida State University was Côté’s respondent, and was generally persuaded by his thesis. She observed that Côté’s work was part of a recent trend in Ps-C scholarship that attempts to understand the Ps-C as late antique (3^rd-4^th c.) documents rather than seeking after a 1^st or 2^nd c. primitive core (the so-called Grundschrift or “Basic Writing”).

Reidar Aasgaard from the University of Oslo, with a copy in hand of his brand-new book The Childhood of Jesus: Decoding the Apocryphal Infancy Gospel of Thomas, gave a paper entitled “Father and Child Reunion: The Story of Joseph.” Aasgaard began first with a short overview of the portrayal of Joseph in the canonical infancy narratives and a very brief consideration of what can be known about the historical Joseph (not much). Most of the paper discussed the similarities and differences in the figure of Joseph as found in the Protevangelium of James, the Infancy Gospel of Thomas, and the little-studied History of Joseph the Carpenter, a fourth-century Egyptian composition narrated by Jesus upon the Mount of Olives at the end of Joseph’s life (at the ripe old age of 111!). The response was given by Richard Pervo, professor emeritus at the University of Minnesota, consisting mostly of “reinforcement” (Pervo’s word) of Aasgaard’s paper. One especially interesting point made by Pervo was that the PJ doesn’t seem to regard the canonical gospels as sacred and unalterable: it utilizes them when they suit its purpose, and departs from them when deemed necessary.

Being a specialist in infancy gospels myself, I found Aasgaard’s paper on the neglected figure of Joseph very interesting. After his presentation, I asked one question and made one suggestion for a further avenue of research. My question concerned Joseph in the canonical infancy narratives: it is remarkable that Matthew and Luke agree on his name, given that they don’t agree on much of anything else. So where did they get this information from? Apart from the infancy narratives, Joseph is only referred to in John 1:45 and 6:42. Would both Matthew and Luke have gotten his name from John? This goes against the dating that most scholars would posit for John. Reidar agreed that this was an interesting problem, but didn’t have a solution to it (so there might be an article out there for him, me, or someone else!). The suggestion I made was to consider the portrayal of Joseph found in the Latin infancy gospels of M.R. James and the closely connected Irish materials (found in CCSA 13-14). In this corpus, Joseph is, arguably, the star of the show: he has a soliloquy about his ancestral home of Bethlehem, he aggressively interrogates all visitors who come to the cave about their intentions, and he possesses the puzzling nickname “Moab.” I have believed for some time that this collection of materials needs further investigation, and it would certainly pay off for its portrayal of Joseph, if nothing else.

The final paper of the Sunday afternoon session was “Mary as Temple Sacrifice in the Protevangelium of James,” presented by Lily Vuong, a Ph.D candidate at McMaster University. Vuong observed that while scholars have frequently noted the concern of the PJ for Mary’s purity, there has been little or no consideration of Mary functioning as a Temple sacrifice. Vuong contends that the sacrificial theme is present throughout the PJ, which begins with childless Joachim’s ineligibility to offer a sacrifice. Using the theoretical insights of Jonathan Klawans and Jon Levenson, Vuong argues that the author of the PJ deemphasizes the humanness of Mary in order to shape her as a sacrificial offering, indeed as a “new biological form” (Vuong’s words). Mary thus has deep intertextual connections to both Jesus and Isaac as sacrificial offerings. Unfortunately, Vuong’s respondent, Esther de Boer, was unable to attend the SBL as she had planned (a very common and unfortunate occurrence among many scholars at this year’s meeting), but Vuong’s paper was followed by a very lively discussion.

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The second session I attended had fewer papers presented, but was highly rewarding nonetheless. The stated theme of this session was “Discussion of Corpus Christianorum Series Apocryphorum and Apocalypses.” Two papers were presented, both by scholars who have been highly influential in the field of Christian apocrypha: François Bovon of Harvard University, and Enrico Norelli, Professor Bovon’s successor at the University of Geneva.

François Bovon provided a fascinating overview of how the Association pour l'étude de la littérature apocryphe chrétienne (AELAC) came into being under his leadership, and how AELAC then convinced the Belgian publisher Brepols to create a new series of the Corpus Christianorum, namely the Series Apocryphorum. Bovon noted that they had to fight quite hard to convince Brepols to publish translations in modern languages. He also related the story of how the CCSA emblem of the ill-fated flight of Simon Magus came to be. Bovon then gave a history of CCSA volumes, starting with the edition of the Acts of Andrew by J.-D. Kaestli and Éric Junod (1983); he observed how vital collaboration has proven to be in this series. He mentioned both Tony and me as some of the North American scholars who have participated in the annual meetings of AELAC; he also kindly promoted our forthcoming volumes in the CCSA (Tony’s on the Infancy Gospel of Thomas and mine on the Syriac Revelation of the Magi).

Enrico Norelli, attending his first North American SBL annual meeting, presented a paper on the dating of the Apocalypse of Peter. Against the criticism of Tobias Nicklas (another scholar who regrettably was not able to attend), Norelli reiterated his support for the theory of Richard Bauckham that the text was composed during the Bar Kokhba revolt (132-135 CE). A response was given by Pierluigi Piovanelli of the University of Ottawa. It was a rare English presentation from Norelli; in addition to numerous articles, he prepared the CCSA edition of the Ascension of Isaiah and is also slated to write a commentary on AscIsa for the Hermeneia series.

After these papers, this final session of the Christian Apocrypha unit concluded with a “business meeting” hosted by Ann Graham Brock at her spacious Marriott suite (with free-flowing wine, as any good business meeting should be!). In addition to socialization with old friends, this provided a wonderful opportunity for younger scholars (like me) to connect with many of the most important contributors to this field.